Water softening apparatus



y 27, 1941- D. a. GRISWOLD 2,243,815

WATER SOFTENING APPARATUS l0 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed May 17, 1939 y 27, 1941- I D. G. GRISWOLD 2,243,815

WATER, SOFTENING APPARATUS 1o. She ets-Sheet 2 Filed May 1'7, 1939 May 27, 1941. v D. cs. GRISWOLD 2,243,315

WATER SOFTENING APPARATUS I 10 Shets-Shet 3 Filed May 1'7; 1939 May 27, 1941. D. G. GRISWOLD WATER SOFTENING APPARATUS Filed May 17, 1959 10 Sheets-Sheet 4 May 2 1941- D. G. GRISWOLD WATER SQFTENING APPARATUS Filed May 17, 1959 10 Sheets-Sheet 5 7 w. r 3 M0 mm ,0 m 7 um fi mx y 27, 1941- D. G. GRISWOLD 2,243,815

WATER SOFTENING APPARATUS Filed May 17, 1939 IQSheets-Sheet 6 May 27, 1941.

D. G. GRKSWOLD WATER SOFTENING APPARATUS l0 Sheets-Sheet 7 fimaldfif a'nmld Filed May 17; 1939 y 27, 1- D. G. GRISWOLD 2,243,815

WATER SOFTENING APPARATUS Filed May 17, 1939 10 Sheets-Sheet s I glvmmwfon y 1941- D. G. GRISWOLD 2,243,815

' WATER SOFTENiNG APPARATUS Filed May 17, 1959 I 10 Sheets-Sheet 9 IIIIIIII May 27, 1941- D. G. GRISWOLD WATER SOFTENING APPARATUS Filed May 17, 1939 10 Sheets-Slum): 10

Patented May 27, 1941 WATER 'SOF'H'INING APPARATUS Donald G. Griswold, Alhambra, Calif; assignor r to Clayton Manufacturing Company, Alhambra,

Application May 17, 1939, Serial Harness (-01. arc-24) 33 Claims.

The present invention relates to water softeners, and especially to water softening systems or apparatus having control means for effecting regeneration of the system at the will and convenience of the user.

The invention further relates to a water softening system having control means located at a convenient point remote from the softening apparatus for initiating and efiecting regenera-' tion of the softener bed.

- The invention still further relates to apparatus including a bed of material requiring periodic regeneration and to a novel means and method for effecting the regeneration of such bed.

-In general, the invention relates to water softening systems of the type employing a bed of zeolite having the property of exchanging its normal sodium base for calcium and magnesium; the principal substances dissolved in water that impart hardness thereto.

In the normal operation of sodium zeolite water softeners, after a definite amount of raw water has passed through the bed, the sodium of the bed is replaced by the calcium and magnesium to such extent that the bed loses its softening property and the water passing therethrough is not softened thereby. Consequently, at certain time intervals, depending upon the nature and volume of water treated, it becomes necessary to recondition or regenerate the zeolite bed. In other words, it becomes necessary to replace the calcium and magnesium which the bed has absorbed from the raw water, by sodium. This is done by passing a strong brine (sodium chloride) solution through the bed. A reverse action then takes place in the bed, viz., the calcium and magnesium are exchanged for sodium and the bed is restored to its normal base condition.

The regeneration of water softeners, generally, is controlled either automatically or manually.

In the automatic type, regeneration of the softener bed usually starts after a predetermined number of gallons of water has passed through the softener tank. Such systems usually employ a water meter for measuring the volume of flow from the softener tank and necessarily include complicated and expensive control apparatus usually comprising one or more motors, switches, solenoid controlled valves, etc., to effect automatic operation. Probably the principal objection to known automatic water softening systems is that regeneration and consequent cutting-off of the supply of softened water occurs without warning; very often at an inopportune and inconvenient time, for example, when one. is in the midst of a shower baths Such automatic water softening systems are usually further unsatisfactory from a practical standpoint in that the water meters provided to initiate the cycle of regeneration eventually develop trouble and fail to function reliably and accurately. The iodgment of a particle of foreign matter beneath the disc of the water meter, or the warping of the disc itself, is suflicient to impair the accuracy of the meter with the consequent result that the softening bed is not regenerated at proper intervals and the system must be overhauled.

On the other hand, certain known water softening systems depending upon manual control for regeneration require the operator or user to open and close a series of hand-operated valves to -control the various steps of backwashing, brine injection or salting, and rinsing; all necessary to proper regeneration of the softener bed. Furthermore, all of these steps must be separately timed in order to assure proper duration of the respective periods of backwashing, salting and rinsing. Such systems are very often complicated. Hence, it is not surprising that the wrong valves are opened and closed by an unskilled user, and'that such systems have thus been rendered inoperative or reduced in efliciency. A great inconvenience, whether the user is skilled or unskilled, follows from the fact that his presence and attention are required'at 'the side of the apparatus during the cycle of regeneration.

The present invention, in contrast, eliminates the usual complicated control gadgets of automatic water softeners and the complicated piping and hand-operated valves of manually controlled water softening systems and provides what may be termed a comparatively simple semi-automatic system in which regeneration occurs only at the will and convenience of the user. Stated broadly, the present invention is of such character that it is only necessary for the user to turn the control knob on a master control device a part of a revolution toimmediately start the cycle of regeneration. One of the features of the invention is that the control device may be mounted adjacent the softener tank or at a convenient point remote therefrom. However, once the cycle of regeneration has been started, the steps of backwashing, salting, rinsing, etc., are automatically and successively rendered effective, and each step is automatically timed to last a predetermined period conducive position thereby.

to most efiicient operation. In any event, the presence of the user is not required at the side of the apparatus during the cycle of regeneration.

Furthermore, in accordance with the present invention, the master control device includes a clock or timing mechanism of any suitable construction, but preferably of the type designed to rotate a drive shaft'one complete revolution in a given period of time, for example, one hour.

' A control knob is associated with the drive shaft so that the two always rotate together. It is likewise preferable that the. clock mechanism embody a spring which will be wound sufficiently by the turning of the control knob in a clockwise direction through approximately half a revolution to store suflicient energy for rotating the shaft of the clock mechanism in a counterclockwise direction for approximately one-half a revolution while simultaneously returning the control knob to its original position. The construction of the clock mechanism also preferably includes a friction device which makes it unnecessary for the escapement and reduction gears to turn when the control knob is rotated to wind the spring.

The master, control device alsoincludesa master pilot valve disc adapted to be driven by the shaft of the clock mechanism through approximately half .a revolution. This master pilot valve disc is'provided with pressure and exhaust grooves and pressure and exhaust ports arranged so as to admit water under pressure to, and re- .lieve water pressure acting on, a series of pressure responsive diaphragm valves housed in a fluid distribution device or unit. It will be understood that upon rotation of the control knob corresponding rotation is imparted to the master pilot valve disc through the drive shaft of the clock mechanism. v

The fluid distribution unit of the present invention is of extremely compact construction and comprises six diaphragm valves arranged to be operated in pairs and all controlled simultaneously by the master pilot valve to effect normal softening service and the successive steps of the regenerating cycle, to wit, backwashing, salting and rinsing. The fluid distribution unit further comprises a built-in injector actuable by the flow of water under the control of one of said diaphragm valves for drawing brine from a brine tank during the salting step.

When the present system is in normal service, that is, when the water softener is functioning to soften water, the control knob and master pilot valve disc are in what may be termed their I normal inoperative position, but the master pilot valve disc at this time is in such position and cooperates with the fluid distribution device or unit in such manner that the fluid pressure on one pair of diaphragm valves only is relieved through the pilot valve, permitting this pair of valves to open. and allow an uninterrupted flow of raw water through the distribution device. Suitable piping connects the distribution device with the softener, whereby raw water flows from the distribution device into the upper end of the softener, and softened water flows from the lower end of thesoftener back to the distribution device and, finally, from the distribution device into the service line to the point of use. It is to be understood that so long as the pressure is relieved on the pair of valves mentioned, the remaining four valves are subjected to fluid pressure and are maintained in closed After the system has been in operation for a period of, say, one to two weeks, and the indications are that it requires regeneration, the user need only turn the control knob through approximately half a revolution in a clockwise direction to initiate the cycle of regeneration. The rotation of the control knob rotates the master pilot valve disc and also winds the spring in the timing mechanism. The wound spring in turn stores the energy for rotating the drive shaft connected with the master pilot valve disc to impart rotation to said valve and return it slowly to its initial position. The rotation of the master pilot valve disc through a'half revolution from its normal position results in the application of fluid pressure to close the above mentioned pair of diaphragm valves, which provide for normal softening operation, and to relieve the pressure on a second pair of diaphragm valves to permit the same to open. This secondv pair of valves is arranged in the distribution unit so as to cause the water to flow in a reverse direction therethrough to the water softener and provide a backwashing operation for flushing sediment, etc. out of the softener tank. During backwashing, the flow of water is from the distribution unit to the lower end of the softener i the amount of foreign matter or dirt left in the bed by the water which has been treated, etc.

of diaphragm valves is open, the remaining four diaphragm valves are maintained in closed position by the application of fluid pressure there- Upon completion of the backwashing step, the drive shaft of the timing mechanism will have rotated the master pilot valve disc to a position such as to relieve the pressure on, and thereby permit the opening of, still a third pair of diaphragm valves, while at the same time admitting fluid pressure to the first and second pairs of valves to maintain them in closed position. This third pair of valves is so arranged in the fluid distribution unit as to operate the injector housed in the fluid distribution unit and thereby control the salting step, i. e., the injection of the regenerating solution into the upper end of the softening tank. During the salting step, the flow of liquid through the distribution unit is as follows: water flowing into the distribution unit is diverted into the injector, the injector is thus operated to draw brine from the brine tank, and the brine entering the distribution unit is carried along with the water to the upper end of the'softening tank. The brine flows through the zeolite bed in the softening tank;

discharges at the lower end of the tank, is reraw water continues to flow through the system in the path described and serves to flush out the brine and any free material in the softener tank. 'I'he salting step may require from aaeaaus about three to ten minutes, depending upon the volume ;of the regenerating charge required, and the rinsing step may last for about fifteen minutes after the brine flow has ceased.

Bythe time that the salting and rinsing operations have been completed, the timing mechanism will have restored the master pilot valve disc to its original or normal position in which pressure fluid is relieved on the first-mentioned pair of valves, permitting these to open, and pressure fluid is applied to the second and thirdmentioned pairs .of valves to maintain them closed so that the system then assumes its normal function of softening water. The path of flow of water then is through the distribution valve to the upper end of the softener tank, through the softening bed, from the lower portion of the tank to the distribution device and then into the service line to the point of use, as aforedescribed.

One of the important features of the present softening system is a brine tank control mechanism cooperatively associated with the fluid distribution device to provide for draining of the brine tank during the salting step and for automatic refilling of the brine tank after completion of the rinsing step. The brine tank control mechanism includes a pilot-controlled diaphragm type brine valve which is unique in that it is responsive to both pressure and vacuum conditions and is arranged so that when the injector is in operation, the suction provided thereby will tend to induce a vacuum condition and thus reduce the pressure normally acting on the diaphragm to close the same. This reduced pressure on one side of the diaphragm permits opening of the valve by the brine itself which is under atmospheric pressure effective upon the other side of said diaphragm and the injector can then readily withdraw the charge of brine from the brine tank. This valve is further arranged so that it is closed by air under atmospheric pressure after a predetermined volume of brine has been withdrawn from the brine tank, by the injector. The same valve is later automatically reopened when the master pilot valve disc is restored to a position permitting normal softening operation. The drain from the distribution device is then closed so that a back pressure builds up in the softener tank and is communicated through the brine pipe to the valve seat side of the diaphragm. When this pressure exceeds atmospheric, the brine valve opens to permit refilling of the brine tank. The brine valve is again closed when the level has reached a predetermined desired height. A pilot valve disc in the brine valve controls the application of pressure to the diaphragm and hence the opening and closing of said valve. The brine pilot valve disc is actuated by a float in the brine tank.

One of the principal objects of the invention is to provide a water softening system which can be regenerated at the will and convenience of the user.

Another object of the invention is to provide a water softening apparatus which requires a minimum of attention on the part of the user.

Another object of the invention is to provide water softening apparatus which does not require the presence of the user at the side thereof during the cycle ofregeneration.

ation to initiate the regenerating cycle, but is otherwise fully automatic.

A further object of the invention is to provide water softening apparatus which is comparatively simple in construction and relatively inexpensive to manufacture.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a water softening apparatus which eliminates. the inconveniences and the expense of a maintenance encountered with more complex manual and fully automatic water softenin systems.

Another object of the invention is to provide. in water softening apparatus, novel control means for automatically timing the various steps in the cycle of regeneration.

Another object of the invention is to provide a water softening system which is semi-automatic in operation, that is, requires manual oper- Another object of the invention is to provide quiet operating valve means broadly for controlling the flow of fluid, and which valve means eliminates line shock, chatter and vibration.

Another object of the invention is to provide valve means including a diaphragm for controlling the flow of. fluid under pressure, and which valve means can be operated by a relatively small force irrespective of the size of the valve or the pressure of the fluid flowing therethrough.

. Another object of the invention is to provide a fluid distribution device or unit which operates quietly without line shock, chatter or vibration.

Another object of the invention is to provide a fluid distribution device or unit and control means therefor which requires only a very small force to operate-irrespective of the pressure of the fluid flowing through said fluid distribution device or unit.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a fluid distribution device or unit of compact yet relatively simple construction for controlling the flow of water and brine to the softener tank.

Still another object of the invention is to provide, in water softening apparatus, an improved brine tank and control means therefor which automatically refills the brine tank and maintains a desired brine level in said tank.

A still further. object of the invention is to provide control means for starting and controlling the cycle of regeneration of a water softening system from a point remote from the apparatus.

Other and further objects of the invention will be apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic elevational view of a water softening apparatus embodying one form of the present invention and showing the brine tank in cross section;

Figure 2 is a sectional view taken on the line 2-2 of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a sectional view through the master control device or unit and the fluid distribution device, taken on the line 3-3 of Figure 1;

Figure 4 is a sectional view taken on the line fl-d of Figure 3, showing an exterior view of the cover plate and various details of the fluid distribution device or unit;

Figure 5 is a sectional view taken on the line 5-5 of Figure 3 showing the details of the grooving and porting in the underside of the cover plate of the fluid distribution device or unit;

Figure 6 is a sectional view taken "on the line 6-6 of Figure 3 showing the body portion of the fluid distribution device in elevation;

Figure 7 is a sectional view through the fluid distribution device taken on the line 1-1 of Figure 4, showing the diaphragm valves I and 2, which control the flow of raw water to the softener during the normal softening operation, in open position;

Figure 8 is a similar sectional view taken on the line'8-8 of Figure 4, showing the diaphragm valves and ii, which control the backwashing operation, in closed position;

Figure 9 is a further similar sectional view taken on the line 9-9 of Figure 4, showing the diaphragm valves 3 and 4, which control the salting and rinsing operations, in closed position;

Figure 10 is a transverse sectional view through the fluid distribution device, taken on the line III-Ill of Figure 9;

Figure 11 is a view of the combined gasket and diaphragm employed in the present fluid distribution device and showing certain parts of the valves I, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 assembled therewith;

Figure 12 is a detail elevational view of the master control device showing the control knob and its associated legend bearing plate;

Figure 12 is an elevational view of a modified form of control including an adjustable stop for varying the duration of the backwash operation.

Figure 13 is a perspective view of one side of the pilot valve disc of Figure 14 is a sectional view through the master pilot valve disc taken on the line I4--l4 of Figure 13;

Figure 15 is a perspective view of the opposite side of the master pilot valve disc and the means for rotating the same;

Figure 16 is a perspective view of the valve seat which cooperates with the master pilot valve disc, the gasket which i interposed between the end of the housing of j aster control unit and the fluid distribution wt and the distribution plug of the fluid distrib device;

Figure 1'7 is a view of the outer face of the fluid distribution plug;

Figure 18 is an inverted plan view of the distribution plug as viewed in Figure 1'7;

Figure 19 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of the float-controlled brine control valve;

- Figure 20 is a perspective view, partially in section, ofthe pilot valve disc employed in the brine control valve;

Figure 21 is a fragmentary view drawn to exaggerated scale showing specific details of the valve seat of the brine control valve and the head of the screw which retains the valve washer in assembled relation with the diaphragm;

Figure 22 is a detail view of the float and linkage for operating the brine control valve;

Figure 23 is a side elevation of the brine control .valve and its operating linkage shown in Figure Figure 24 is a bottom plan view of the brine control valve and operating linkage taken on the line 24-24 of Figure 22;

Figure 25 is a sectional view taken on the line 25-25 of Figure 22' showing the mounting details of the lower arm of the brine valve operating linkage;

Figure 25 is a sectional view taken on the line Hr -25 of Figure 24 showing the details of mounting the actuating arm on the shaft which drives the brine pilot valve disc.

Figure 26 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the flow through the fluid distribution device during normal softening service;

the master control device;

Figure 27 is a similar view showing the flow during the backwash period;

Figure 28 is another similar view showing the flow during' the salting and rinsing period;

Figure 29 is a schematic view illustrating the relative position of the control knob and the ports and grooves in the master pilot valve disc and the distribution plug, respectively, during normal softening service;

Figure 30 is a similar view showing the relationship of the same parts during backwashing;

' Figure 31 is another similar view showing the relative positions of the parts during the salting and rinsing period;

Figure 32 diagrammatically illustrates a still further modification of the invention in which 1 the master control unit is located at a point remote from the softening apparatus;

Figure 33 is a diagrammatic perspective view illustrating the manner in which pressure and exhaust fluid may be conducted from the master control unit or device to the fluid distribution device; and

Figure 34 is a diagrammatic view partly in section showing the details of connecting various ports in the master control device with corresponding ports in the fluid distribution device.

Referring now to the form of the invention shown in Figures 1 to 31, inclusive, and more particularly to Figure 1, the water softener is generally designated by the letter A, the brine tank by B, the fluid distribution device or unit by C, the manually operable master control device for starting the regenerating cycle by D, and the float-controlled valve and its associated linkage on the brine tank by E.

Raw water, i. e., the water to be treated, is introduced into the system through a supply pipe ll connected to one side of the fluid'distribution device C. The raw water introduced by the suply pipe ll flows through various passageways in the fluid. distribution device C, as will be explained later, and is then conducted from said distribution device to the softener A by piping generally indicated at l3. As is clearly shown in Figure 2, the piping l3 extends into a softener tank l4 and is preferably arranged so that the discharge therefrom is upward toward the inside of the tank head l5.

The tank [4 of the softener A contains a bed N5 of zeolite (or other water softening material). Discharge piping ll is arranged adjacent the bottom of the tank l4 and conducts the Water that has passed through the bed It back to the distribution device 0. A portion of the pipe ll lies within the tank 14 and is provided with a series of. downwardly facing slots Ma. The softened water enters the distribution device through-the piping l1 and passes therethrough in a manner which will also be explained hereinafter and ultimately discharges into a service pipe l8.

The brine tank B contains a bed of salt 20 and the usual layer of coarse gravel 20. A pipe 2| extends through the salt bed 20, as shown in Figure 1, and one end 22 thereof is perforated and projects into the layer of gravel 20 The opposite end 23 of the piping 2! is connected to a float controlled diaphragm valve generally indicated by the numeral 24. A pipe 25 connects the diaphragm valve 24 with the distribution device C. The valve 24 is only generally referred to at this point, and the details thereof will be described later. Likewise, the manner of flow of brine from the tank B to the softener A through the distribution device C under control of the valve 24 andmechanism E will be explained later.

The master control device D is best illustrated in Figure 3, and comprises a main housing'46 and a hinged cap 4| pivotally mounted at one side thereof upon the housing between ears 46*- by a pin 42. The opposite side of the cap 4| is provided with a projecting tongue 43 which extends between a pair of lugs 44 depending from the housing 46. The tongue 43 is provided with an aperture 45 located so that it extends inwardly beyond the lugs 44 when the cap is in closed position. The aperture 45 is thus adapted to receive a pin, lock or other means for maintaining the I cap in closed position.

A clock mechanism generally designated 46 is mounted within the main housing 46 and is disposed between a shoulder 41 and a cover plate 48. A gasket 49 is interposed between the cover plate 48 and a flange 56 of the main housing 46. A series of screws 5| retain the cover plate 48, gasket 49 and clock mechanism 46 in assembled relation with the housing 46.

A stop pin 52 is mounted'in the cover plate and projects through the top plate of the clock mechanism 46, whereby rotation of the clock mechanism 46 relative to the cover plate 48 is prevented.

A control knob 54 is operatively associated with a drive shaft 55 of the clock mechanism and one end 56 of said control knob is adapted to engage the stop pin 52 in the normal inoperative position thereof (see Figures 3 and 12).

The clock mechanism 46 is conventional, and therefore need not be described in detail. It will be understood from prior statements made herein that the spring of the clock mechanism is wound by manually turning the control knob 54 clockwise for about half a revolution or until the end 56 of said control knob engages a second stop member 51. Upon release of the control knob 54, the spring will cause the control knob 54 to slowly return to its initial position; the time required being about thirty minutes. For convenience, the face of the cover plate 48 may be inscribed with suitable indicia to indicate the various functions controlled by the master valve. For example, the cover plate shown herein bears the legend Service adjacent the stop pin 52 (see Figure 12) to indicate the normal inoperative position of the control knob 54. The cover plate 48 further'bears the legend Backwash adjacent the second stop pin 51, which operation occurs when the knob 54 is turned clockwise so that its end 56 is brought into engagement with said stop pin 51. Intermediate the service and backwash legends is a third legend, namely, Salting-rinsing, and when the end 56 of the control knob 54 is traversing this portion of the cover plate, it indicates the fact that the water softening apparatus is undergoing the operation of salting and the subsequent step of rinsing.

A driving element 66 (see Figure 3) is driven by the drive shaft 55 of the clock mechanism 46 and it in turn drives a shaft 6| through a driven element 62 suitably secured to one end of the shaft 6|. The driven element 62 is provided with apertures 63 adapted to receive pins 64 carried by the driving member 66. The opposite end of the shaft BI is rounded as shown at 6| and is provided with a driving element 65. A

master pilot valve disc 65 is arranged in substantially axial alignment with the shaft 6| and is provided, as best shown in Figure 15, with a pair of apertures 61 adapted to receive short pins 61*- carried by the driving element 65 and a through aperture 68 adapted to receive a long pin 66*. This arrangement has the advantage that it permits the assembly of the parts in only one way. The apertures 61 and 68 are of greaterdiameter than the pins 6'! and 68 to permit slight relative movement of the disc on the pins. It will, therefore, be apparent from the foregoing that as the drive shaft 55 of the clock mechanism drives the driving element 66, rotation is imparted to the pilot valve disc 66 through the driven element 62, shaft 6|, and driving element 65.

The shaft6| (see Figure 3) is packed in the housing 46 by suitable packings 69 and 16. The packing 69 surrounds the shaft 6| and is engaged by a packing washer H which in turn is engaged by a gland I2 threaded into the housing 46 adjacent the driven element 62. Adjustment of the gland 12 against the washer 1| compresses the packing 69 to the extent desired to form a suitable seal around the shaft 6|. The packing I6 likewise surrounds the shaft 6| and is compressed between packing washers I3 and 14 by a gland member 15 threaded into the housing 46.

A compression spring 16 surrounds the shaft 6| and one end thereof engages the gland I5.

. 96 (see Figure 3).

The opposite end of said spring engages a seating washer l1 carried by the shaft 6|. The washer I7 is arranged to abut the driving element 65, and, inasmuch as the spring 16 is a compression spring, it tends to urge the driving member 65 toward the pilot valve 66. The spring 16 urges the rounded end fil of the shaft against the valve disc 66 to hold the same against its seat at all times, as will appear more fully hereinafter.

The master pilot valve disc 66 has opposite flat faces 86 and 8| (see Figures 13, .14 and 15). A plurality of supply ports 82, 83, 84 and 85 extend transversely through the body of the pilot valve and are connected on the side 8| by a pressure fluid supply groove generally indicated by the numeral 86. In some instances it may be desirable to omit ports 83 and 84, inasmuch as the ports 82 and 85 will supply the necessary pressure fluid to the groove 86.

The master pilot valve disc 66 is also provided with a U-shaped exhaust passageway 81 (see Figure 14). One leg 88 of the U-port 81 is arranged axially of the pilot valve disc and opens into the side 8| thereof. The other leg 69 of said U-shaped exhaust passageway is spacedradially from the axial passageway 88 and also opens onto the side 8| of said pilot valve disc. An arcuate drain groove 96 merges with the opening defined by the leg 89 and extends circumferentially in the side 8|. It will be noted that the supply groove 86 and the drain groove 96 are formed concentric with the axial opening 88 and that the supply ports 82, 83, 84, 85, the exhaust port 89 and the terminal of the drain groove 96 are spaced approximately 60 apart. This spacing, however, is not critical and may be varied as desired, within limits of course.

The side 8| of the pilot valve 66 is adapted to seat against a fiat surface of a valve seat The valve seat 96 is received in a recess 9'! formed in one end of the housing 46. The valve seat 95 is secured to the housing 46 by a pair of screws 98 adapted to extend through openings 98 (see Figure 16) The valve seat 95 is provided with an axial port 99 adapted to register with the axial opening 88 in the pilot valve disc 66. The valve seat 95 is alsoprovided opening 88 in the valve disc 66. The gasket transverse openings I00, IN and I02 in the with a series of transverse openings I00, IM and I02, respectively, which are spaced the same distance from the axis ofthe valve seat 95 as the supply and drain grooves 96 and 90 of the pilot valve. A pair of dowel pins 98" are .provided to assure accurate assembly of the seat with the housing.

A gasket I05 (see Figures 3, '7 and 16) is interposed between the end of the housing 40 and a boss I06 formed on the cover plate P of the fluid distribution device C. A plurality of screws K clamp said gasket between the housing 40 and the boss I06, as shown in Figure l. The gasket I05 is provided with an axial opening I01 aligned with the opening 99 in the valveseat 95 and the 05 is also provided with transverse openings I09, I09 and I I adapted to respectively register with the valve seat 95. Thus, it will be clear that the aligned openings in the valve seat 95 and the gasket I permit flow of supply or exhaust fluid through both of these elements simultaneously.

The fluid distribution unit or device C comprises a body F, a cover plate P and a combined gasket and diaphragm G interposed between said body and cover plate. The diaphragm is clamped between the body F and cover plate P in fluid tight relation by a series of bolts H which extend through the cover plate and gasket into the body of the distribution valve, as best illustrated in Figure 3.

The housing F of the distribution device C contains six diaphragm valves I, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively. These valves are indicated by dotted lines in Figure 4 and by dot-and-dash lines in Figures 6 and 10, respectively. All six valves are of identical construction, and it will sufllce for the purpose of the present disclosure to describe only one in detail. For this purpose it will be convenient to refer to Figure '7 which shows the valves in cross section.

Each of the valves I, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 consists of a guide member III having a plurality of legs H2 circumferentially spaced from each other. An annular packing washer II3 engages one side of the guide member III and is received in a cup H4. The upper external surface of the cup H4 is preferably made convex, as indicated at H5. The cup II4, washer H3 and the guide III are maintained in assembled relation by a bolt "6 having an enlarged head II6a. The bolt 6 has a threaded shank II1 received in a threaded opening H8 in the guide member III. A diaphragm member G is clamped between the convex side II5 of the cup H4 and the underside of the head Him. In this manner, the valve is maintained in assembled relation with the diaphragm.

It will be understood that while a single large diaphragm has been shown herein common to all the valves, a plurality of diaphragms may be used. if desired, that is, one diaphragm for each valve. The diaphragm G and washer I I3 may be compressed to the extent desired by threading the guide III onto the shank I I1 oi the bolt II6. A prick punch may be used to peen a portion of the thread of the shank onto the underside of the guide to prevent inadvertent disassembly.

Fluid under pressure for operating the valves I, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 is supplied by the master pilot valve 66 to a fluid distribution plug X (see Figure 3) The plug X is preferably shrunk or pressfltted into a recess I20 in the boss I06 formed on the cover plate P or the fluid distribution device C. The plug X is shown in detail in Figures l6, l7 and 18, and comprises an outer cylindrical portion I2I and an inner cylindrical portion I22 of reduced diameter, whereby a shoulder I-23 is formed between the portions I2I and I22. The shoulder I23 is adapted to engage a complementary shoulder I24 formed in the recess I20. The plug X may be inserted into the cover plate P in any desired manner so long as a fluid-tight fit is formed between the outer periphery of said plug and the walls of the recess I20.

The plug X is provided with an axial opening I25 which communicates with a radial exhaust pass-age I26 extending through the annular portion I2I of the plug X. The axial opening I25 and the radial passage I26 serve as conduits permitting exhausting of pressure fluid from the distribution device C in a manner which will be explainedhereinafter.

The fluid distribution plug X is also provided with a transverse passageway I21 which communicates with a longitudinal port I28 and longitudinal passageways I29 and I30. The port I28, the transverse passageway I21 and the longitudinal passageways I29 and I30 serve to supply and exhaust pressure fluid from a pair of diaphragm valves I and 2 providing normal softening operation in a manner which will be fully set out hereinafter.

The plug X is further provided with a second longitudinal port I3I, I32 and longitudinal passageways I33 and I34. These ports and passageways serve to supply and exhaust pressure fluid from another pair of diaphragm valves 3 and 4 providing the salting and rinsing in a manner which will be made apparent hereinafter.

.The plug X is still further provided with a third longitudinal port I35, a transverse passageway I36 and longitudinal ports I 31 and I36. These passageways and ports serve to supply and exhaust pressure fluid from still another pair of diaphragm valves 5 and 6 providing backwash in a manner which will also be made apparent hereinaiter.

It w ll be noted from Figure 16 that the ports I26. It". and I35 in the plug X are aligned with ports I00. I02. and IN, respectively, of the valve seat 95. It will also be understood that the outer end of the radial exhaust passageway I26 and th res ective ends of the transverse passageways I21. I 32 and I36 are closed bythe walls of the recess I20.

The plug X is proportioned so that its inner face I39 is substantially flush with the inner face of the cover plate P and its outer face I40 is substantially flush with the surface of the boss I06, Y

as is also clearly shown in Figure 3.

The axial port I25 extends inwardly from the face I40 and communicates with the exhaust passa e I26 in order that spent pressure fluid may be cond cted from the axial center of the plug outwardly to its periphery. In order to facilitate the discharge of fluid from the passageway I26, the boss I06 is provided with an aligned passageway I4| (see Figure 3). The passageway MI in turn communicates-with a transverse passageway I42 in the cover plate P. The gasket I05 is provided with an opening I43 aligned with the transverse passageway I42 and the combined gasket and diaphragm G is provided with a similar opening I44. The housing 40 is provided with a passageway I45 aligned with the passageway I42 and is further provided with a radial a transverse passageway i passageway I46 intersecting with the passageway I45 at the point I4'I. A screw I48 is threaded into the outer end of the passageway to plug the same.

The body F of distribution device C is provided with a threaded opening I49 (see Figure 3) communicating with the passageways I42, I43, I44 and I45, and a drain pipe I50 is threaded into the opening I49, whereby any fluid which has leaked past the packing I will be free to drain from the control unit C.

Referring to Figure 5, the inner face I39 of the plug X is provided with a series of relatively shallow grooves communicating with a series of cooperating grooves formed in the inner face of the cover plate P of the fluid distribution device whereby fluid may be introduced into or exhausted from the pressure chambers of the diaphragm valves I to 6 inclusive. More specifically, the plug X is provided with a shallow groove I29 extending from the longitudinal passageway I29 outwardly to the periphery of the plug. The

inner face of the cover plate P is provided with an irregular shaped groove I which is in communication at one end thereof with the shallow groove I29. A passageway I connects the opposite end of the groove I with a pressure chamber I above the diaphragm valve I.

The inner face I39 of the fluid distribution plug X is also provided with a second shallow groove I30 which extends from the longitudinal passageway I30 outwardly to the periphery of the plug X. One end of the groove 2 formed in the inner face of the cover plate P communicates with the shallow groove I30, and a passageway 2 connects the opposite end of said groove with a pressure chamber 2 positioned above the diaphragm valve 2.

The plug X is further provided with a shallow groove I33 which extends from the longitudinal passageway I33 outwardly to the periphery of the plug X. A groove 3 formed in the inner face of the cover plate P is connected at one end with the shallow groove I33 and its opposite end is connected by a passageway 3 with a pressure chamber 3 located above the diaphragm valve 3.

The plug X is still further provided on its inner face with a shallow groove I34 extending from the longitudinal passageway I34 outwardly to the periphery of said plug. The inner face of the cover plate P is provided with still another groove 4 connected at one end with the shallow groove I34 and connected at its other end by a passageway 4 with a pressure chamber 4 above the diaphragm valve 4. r

The inner face I39 of the plug X has another shallow groove I 37 extending outwardly from the longitudinal passageway I31 to the periphery of the plug X; A groove 5 formed in the inner face of the cover plate P is connected at one end with said shallow groove I31 and its opposite end is connected by a passageway 5 with a. pressure chamber 5 above the diaphragm valve 5.

The inner face I39 of the plug X is provided with still another shallow groove I38 extending outwardly from the longitudinal passageway I38. A groove 6 formed in the inner face of. the cover plate P is connected at one end with said shallow groove I38 and its opposite end is connected by a passageway 6 with a pressure chamber 6 above the diaphragm valve 6.

The various passageways, valve seats, etc. in the body F of the fluid distribution device C are about to be described and it will therefore be convenient to refer to Figures 5 to 10.

As has been stated hereinbefore, raw water is introduced into the distribution device C through the supply pipe II. This water flows from the pipe II into a passageway I60 defined by walls I6I arra'lnged below the seats 5 3 and I for the valves 5, 3 and I, respectively, This passageway terminates beneath valve seat I at the partition indicated by I62 (Figure 10) The raw water normally discharges from the distribution device through the pipe I3. This pipe communicates with a passageway I 63 shown adjacent to the passageway I60. However, the passageway I 63 is separated from the passageway I60 by the wall I6I and the partition I62. The passageway I63 is defined by walls I64 and terminates at the partition I65 below the seat 6 of the diaphragm valve 6 (see Figure 10).

The return of water to the distribution device C from the water softener normally takes place through the pipe II already referred to. Water entering the distribution device from the pipe II discharges into a passageway I66 defined by walls I61 and extending beneath the seats 2 and 4 of the valves 2 and 4, respectively. The passageway I66 terminates at one end in a partition I68 (see Figure 10) disposed below the seat 4 of diaphragm valve 4, and terminates at its opposite end in a partition I69 adjacent the valve seat 5 of the diaphragm valve 5. Thus, the

passageways I60 and I66 are separated by the Referring to Figures 6, 7 and 10, and especially to Figure 7, the distribution device C is provided with an opening I15 between the seat I of the valve I and an inwardly extending flange I16 on the body F disposed adjacent to the gasket G. Hence, when valve I is open and valves 5, 3, and 6 are closed, raw water will flow through the passageway I60, through the seat I and opening II5 into the passageway I63, and thence into the pipe I3 leading to the softener tank I4. An opening similar to the opening I15 is provided above the seat 2 of valve 2. This opening is indicated at I" and communicates with a chamber I18 (see Figure 10) adjacent the opening for the service pipe I3. The valve 2 is open at the same time as valve I, (as shown in Figure 7) and the softened water entering the distribution valve through the pipe N then flows into the passageway I66, through the valve seat 2 opening III into chamber I18, and thence through service pipe I8 to the point of use. The flow of water through the distribution device when valves I and 2 are open and valves 3, 4, 5 and 6 are closed is diagrammatically shown in Figure 26. The cries-cross hatching here indicates the valves that are closed during normal softening operation.

During the backwashing step, valves 5 and 6 are open and valves I, 2, 3 and 4 are all closed, as is diagrammatically shown in Figure 27. The flow of raw water to the softener is reversed at this time in order that the water will flow upwardly through the bed in the softener tank and flush it out. Accordingly, rawwater introduced through the pipe II enters the passageway I60, but since valves- I and 3 are closed and valve 5 is open, the water must leave through the seat 5 of the valve 5. In order to provide egress for the water to pipe II, an opening I19 somewhat I4. The water then and 6 are all closed,

above the seat of the valve 5. Water then flows through the opening I19 into the passageway I66, beneath valve 2 and into pipe I1. Water is discharged from the pipe I1 through the slots I1 at the lower portion of the softener tank flows upwardly through the softener bed I6 and out of the tank through the pipe I3. The pipe I3 discharges into the passageway I63 which, as has been previously described, extends to a point beneath the valve 6. The valve 6, as has also been stated, is open during the backwash period, therefore water from the passageway I63 passes through the seat 6 of the valve 6. An opening I88 similar to the opening I19 is provided above the seat 6 and above the partition I65 to' permit flow into a chamber I8I. The chamber I8I lies between the partitions I65 and I68. Water entering this chamber is required to leave the distribution device through the drain pipe I9.

In order to introduce brine into the system to regenerate the softening bed I6, the distribution 7 device C is provided with an injector generally designated by the numeral I85 (see Figure mounted in a housing I86 formed integral with the body F. The injector comprises a nozzle I81 threadedly mounted in an opening I88 in the housing I86. The nozzle I81 is provided with a tapered orifice I89 arranged so that-its smaller end discharges into a chamber I98. The opposite or larger end of said orifice communicates with a;

chamber I9I. The chamber I9I in turn is associated with an opening I92 in the body F (see Figure 9) arranged above the seat '3 of the valve 3. Thus, it will be apparent that when the valve 3 is open and valves I and 5 are closed, raw water from the passage I68 will flow through the seat 3 of the valve 3, through the opening I92, and into the chamber I9I.

A screen I93 (Figure 10) is arranged in the chamber I9I substantially concentric with the nozzle I81. One end of the screen is suitably secured to a boss I94 formed on the nozzle I81 and the opposite end of the screen is received in a recess I95 formed in a plug I96. The plug I96 is threaded into an opening I91 formed in the housing I86. A gasket I98 is disposed between the housing I86 and the plug I96 to form a seal.

The injector I85 further includes a second nozzle 288 threadedly mounted in an opening 28I formed in a partition 282 located between the chamber I98 and the passageway I63. The nozzle 288 is provided with an orifice 283 which may be of uniform diameter and arranged in alignment with the tapered orifice I89 of the nozzle I81.

In assembling the injector in the housing I86, it will be understood that the nozzle 288 is first threaded into the opening 28I by means of a suitable wrench, and that the nozzle I81 is similarly mounted. The screen I93 is preferably preassem bled with the plug I96 and the gasket I98 is positioned on the plug I96. The plug is then threaded into the opening I91. This arrangement facilitates assembly and provides for ready removal of the screen for cleaning.

The chamber I98, which is disposed between the nozzles I81 and 288, is provided with an inlet opening 26 into which the brine pipe is threaded.

During the period of regeneration when brine is being circulated through the softener tank I4, the valves 3 and 4 are open and the valves I, 2, 5 as is diagrammatically shown in Figure 28. Raw water supplied by the pipe II then enters the passageway I68 and flows through the seat 3 of open valve 3, through opening I92, into chamber I9I, through tapered orifice I89, into chamber I98 and then through the plain orifice 283. The effect of this flow is to create a partial vacuum in the chamber I98 and pipe 25. The vacuum thus induced creates a' suction permitting opening of the brine control valve 24 in a manner which will be better understood from a description of said valve appearing hereinafter. Upon opening of the valve 24,'the injector draws the brine charge from the brine tank B and both brine and raw water are discharged from the nozzle 288 into the passageway I63. The mixture is then conducted by the pipe I3 into the top of system,

the softener tank I4 so that reaction with and regeneration of the bed I6 occurs by the down-flow of the brine therethrough. The used brine is discharged from the softener tank I4 into the pipe I1 which returns it to the distribution device for flow into the chamber I66. An opening 2I8 above the partition I68 similar to the opening I88 is provided in the body F, whereby the brine can flow from the passage I66, through the seat 4 of the valve 4, into the passageway I8I and finally into the drain pipe I9. It will be understood that the valve 2 is closed during the brining operation and that, therefore, no brine can flow from the passage I66 into the chamber I18 and the service pipe I8.

Flow in the above manner is maintained until the complete charge of brine has been withdrawn from the brine tank B and circulated through the whereupon the brine flow will cease, but raw water will continue to flow through the system to flush out the softener tank, all as will be further explained later.

The body F of the fluid distribution device C is provided with a rib 2II disposed generally between the valves I and 3, as indicated in Figures 3 and 10. A passageway 2I2 is drilled or otherwise formed in the rib 2II to-establish communication between the passageway I68 and the front istration with one end of the passageway 2I2, andfurther, that the boss I86 of the cover plate P is provided with a horizontal passageway 2I4. The gasket I is provided with a passageway 2I5 and. the housing 48 is provided with 'a passageway 2I6; the passageways 2I2, 2I3, 2I4, 2I5 and 2; all being in communication, whereby fluid under pressure from passageway I68 may enter a chamber 2I1 formed in said housing. A strainer plug 2 I8 is threaded into the "chamber 2I1 as indicated at 2 I 9. A gasket 2I8 is positioned below the head of the plug to form a water-tight seal.

The strainer plug 2I8 comprises a hollow stem 2 I8 having a series of spaced apart annular flanges 228, 22I and 222 with openings 223 between the flanges communicating with a central opening 224 in the stem, A screen 225 surrounds the flanges 228, 22I and 222 and serves to screen the openings 223. Thus, pressure fluid must pass through the screen 225 before it can leave the chamber 2I1 and enter the hollow stem 2I8 It will be noted at this point that the lower portion of the stem beyond the flange 222 is of greater axial length than the threaded portion 2I9 of the plug and extends into an opening 226 in the housing 48. Thus, the opening 226 will be obstructed by the extremity of the stem 2l8 until after the threaded portion 219 has been completely backed out of its opening; the object of this arrangement is to permit any water contained in, or flowing into, the chamber 211 to flush foreign matter out of said chamber during the removal of the'plug rather than carry it into the opening 226.

a I The opening 226 in the housing 48 communicates with the pressure chamber 66' in which the pilot valve 66 is received. This chamber is con- A stantly fllled with fluid under pressure for actu ating the various diaphragm valves I to 6, inclusiv, of the distribution device C.

As has been heretofore stated, the volume of brine flow to the softener bed during the regeneration period is controlled by a diaphragm valve 24 associated with the brine tank 13. This valve and the details of the operating mechanism therefor are illustrated in Figures 1, 19, 28, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 and 25. 4

Referring first to Figures 1 and 19, it will-be noted that the valve 24 controls the flow of brine into the pipe 25 (and hence into the opening 26 and the chamber I98 of the distribution device 0). This valve is of the diaphragm type and comprises a main body portion 258 having a threaded opening 25! in which the upper end 23 of the pipe 2! is received and a second threaded opening 252' in which one end of the pipe 25 is received. Intermediate the openings 25! and 252 are transverse partitions 253 and 254 connected by a longitudinal web 255. The-web 255 is provided with an opening 256 whereby the passage of fluid may be permitted from the pipe 2| to the pipe 25, and vice versa, when said opening is unobstructed. The valve 24 comprises valve sections 251 and 258 in addition to the body portion 268. A diaphragm 251 is interposed between the body 258 and the section 251 and a gasket 258" is interposed between the sections 251 and 258.

The valve section 258 is provided with a chamber 259 in which i mounted a strainer plug 268 similar in construction to the plug 218 mounted in chamber 2l1 of the housing 48 shown in Figure 3. The plug 268 is provided with a hollow stem 261 which extends into an angular passageway 282 in the valve section 258. The section 258 is further provided with a circular chamber 263 into which the passageway 262 opens.

As is best shown in Figure 19, a continuous passageway is provided between a chamber 264 in the upper part of the body 258 and the chamber 259 in the valve section 258. This passageway comprises an opening 265 in the body 258, an

opening 268 in the diaphragm 251, an opening 5 261 in the valve section 251, an opening 268 in the gasket 258, and an opening 269 in the valve section 258. It will be clear from the foregoing that any positive pressure condition existing in the chamber 264 will be communicated to the chamber 263 through the continuous passageway 265-269; the hollow stem 26l of the strainer plug 268; and the passageway 262.

The diaphragm 251 is provided with a central aperture 215 for the reception of a nut having an internally threaded shank 216 extending axially from a substantially circular head 211. A metallic cup shaped element 218 is provided with an aperture 219 of a size adapted to snugly receive the shank 216. The hollow portion of the cup member 218 is formed to receive an annular packing element 288. The packing element 288 is provided with an axial opening 28| anda bolt 282 extends through said opening and has a, threaded stem received in the shank 216. The 75 bolt 282 serves to clamp the diaphragm betwee the head 211 and the cup 218 and at the same time to maintain the packing 288 assembled within said cup. The exposed face 288' of the packing 288 is adapted to be held against an annular tapered seat 284 formed on the web 255. and when so held, all flow of fluid through the valve in either direction is prevented.

A very important feature of the valve 24 is the provision of means conducive to quiet operation and gradual cutting-oil oi the flow through the valve without chatter. The above results are attained by providing the bolt 282 with a head 283 having an annular portion 285 tapered on substantially a 45 angle and a substantially cylindrical portion 286 of a desirable width M; the tapered portion 285 and the cylindrical portion 286 being connected by a curved portion struck on a suitable radius R, as indicated in the exaggerated Figure 21. The rounded surface between the tapered portion and, the cylindrical portion cooperates with the edge of the valve seat 289 and serves to gradually cut ed the flow of fluid through the valve seat opening 258 and in this manner whistling and squealing noises otherwise incidental to flow cut-on are eliminated. The operation of the valve is further improved by forming the annular valve seat 288 with 2. 5 taper.

The intermediate valve section 251 is provided with a shallow circular recess 299 adjacent one side of the diaphragm 251 The chamber 298 receives the nut head 211 and further functions as a receiver for pressure fluid intended to actuate the diaphragm 251' to close the valve. A generally L-shaped passageway 29d is formed in the valve section 251. One end 292 of said passageway communicates with the upper portion of the chamber 298. This arrangement is important because it permits exhausting of the chamber at the highest point thereof and thereby precludes the formation of an air pocket in the chamber 298 which would tend to make the valve chatter. The opposite end 298 of the passageway 29! opens into the face of a boss 294.

The face of the boss 294 is made smooth and is thus adapted to provide a seat for a disc type pilot valve 296. The valve section 251 is further provided with an L-shaped passageway 291, one leg 298 of which is horizontal and opens into the face of the boss 2'94 and the other leg 299 of which is vertical and communicates with an exhaust or drain tube 388' open to the atmosphere.

The valve section 258 is further provided with chamber 3M and 381 adjacent to the chamber 263. One end 383 of the shaft 382. extends through a drive member 384 for the pilot valve 296. A pin 386 secures the drive member 384 to the shaft 382. The end 383 of the shaft is round-' ed as indicated at 385 and engages the pilot valve 296 as shown. The drive member 384 is provided with longitudinally extending pins 381 and 388 adapted .to project into recesses 389 and 3l8 extending part way through the pilot valve disc 298. The pilot valve 296 is positioned in the chamber 263 so that a face 3l2 thereof is adjacent the rounded portion 385 of the shaft 382 and its (23135105168 face 3l3 mates with the face of the boss Suitable packing 3 is disposed in the chamber 38! in surrounding relation to the shaft 382 and seals the shaft against leakage of pressure fluid from the chamber 263. The packing 3 is compressed by a washer 3l5 slidably mounted on bearingsupport for one end of the shaft provided with a threaded aperture the shaft 302 and threaded into the wall of chamber 30i; A second washer M6 is arranged on said shaft in the chamber 30l adjacent the driving member 304. This second washer serves as a 3042. A spring 3il surrounds the shaft 302 between the washers 3| 5 and 316 and urges the pilot valve disc 296 against its seat.

The outer enci- 3l6 of the shaft302 is supported in a web 3l9 depending from the valve section 258. The portion of said valve section defining the packing chamber 30l terminates in a wall 320 spaced from the web 3i9'to provide an opening for the reception of an actuating arm 32i. The arm 32l is secured to the shaft 302 by a screw 322 whose shank 322 extends therethrough as shown in Figure 25*. This arrangement assures proper assembly or indexing of the actuating arm on the shaft 302.

. It will be noted from Figure 19 that the periphery of the pilot valve is spaced from the walls of the chamber 263 and that the pins 301v and 308 fit with clearance in the recesses 303 and 3l0. This arrangement permits a more or less flexible or non-rigid drive between the drive member 304 and the pilot valve disc 296; the disc being free to pivot somewhat upon the rounded end 305 of the shaft 302 to accurately align itself at all times upon the boss 294. This same flexibility of drive is provided for the master pilot valve disc 66 of the control unit C.

The pressure of the fluid in the chamber 263 aids in maintaining the pilot valve disc 296 in engagement with its seat. However, the spring 3i1 maintains such engagement in the absence of pressurefluid in said chamber and thereby precludes the entry of dirt or foreign matter between the valve disc and its seat. The spring 16 of the fluid distribution device C functions in the same manner.

The pilot valve disc 296 is illustrated in perspective in Figure 20. As is here shown, the same is provided with through ports 325 and 326, respectively, each port being spaced the same distance from the axis'of the disc. The pilot valve disc 296 is further provided with a U-shaped passageway generally indicated by the numeral 321 and comprising leg portions 326 and 329. The leg portion 329 is arranged on the axis of the disc and the leg 328 is spaced the same distance from the axis as the'ports 325 and 326.

It will be noted from FigurelQ that the leg 329 is in alignment with the portion 298 of the exhaust passageway 291. It is to be understood that the end 293 of the passageway 29l is spaced from the portion 298 a distance equal to the spacing .of the ports 325 and 326 from the leg 329', whereby either of the ports 325 or 326 and the leg 328 may be brought into registration with the portion 293 to effect closing and opening of the valve in a manner which will be described hereinafter.

shaft 302 through the arm 32! is shown in detail in Figures 22, 23, 24 and 25. Here, a bracket 335 is shown secured to the valve 24 by a series of screws 336. The lowerend of the bracket is 331 (see Fi ure 25) ,to receive a stud 336. The stud 336 is preferably provided with a hexagonal portion 339 to aid in tightening the stud 338 in the aperture 331. The stud 338 is further provided with cylindrical portions 340 and a threaded end 341. A lever 342 is pivotally mounted on the portions A threaded counterweight position desired and the nut serving to lock the counterweight in the desired position of adjustment.

The actuating arm 32i is cated at 349 and is aligned with the bifurcated end 345 of the lever 342. A hollow rod 350 is positioned between the bifurcated ends 349 and 345 and is pivotally secured to the actuating arm 32i by a pin 35l and is likewise pivotally secured to 'the arm 344 of the lever 342 by a pin 352. The rod 350 is provided with spaced collars 353 and 353 adjustably mounted thereon. A float 354 in the form of a ball is slidably mounted on the rod between said collars. A cotter pin 355 at the end of the rod 350 prevents inadvertent disassembly of the collar 353 and float 354.

The counterweight 341 and the associated lever arm 343 are of a combined mass suflicient to counterbalance the dead weight of the valve operating linkage comprising the actuating arm 321, the lever arm 344 and the hollow rod 350. The counterweight 341 is adjustable lengthwise of the arm 343, whereby the linkage may be nicely counterbalanced. The weight of the ball fioat 354 is sufiicient to cause the lever 342 to pivot upon its supporting stud and to cause 'the arm 32! to rotate the drive shaft 302 of the pilot valve 396 when the weight of said float is imposed upon the collar 353. Such imposition occurs when the level in the brine tank is being lowered and the float is gradually descending on the' rod 350 with the liquid level and engages the collar 353 Upon further lowering of the liquid level, the weight of the float carries the bifurcated as indirod 350 bodily downward and thereby moves the arm 32| to an angular position in which its center line. approximates the position indicated by the dot-and-dash line 356 (Figure 22). When the liquid level is rising in the brine tank, instead of falling, the float 354 will rise on the rod 350 without affecting the position of the arm 32l and lever 342 until it engages the collar 353, whereupon it will carry the rod 350 bodily upward and thereby move the arm 32l and lever 342 to an angular position in which the center line of the arm 32l approximates the position indicated by the dot-and-dash line 351.

Let it be assumed that the cycle of regeneration has reached the salting stage and that the brine is at the proper level in the brine tank.

I the arm 32l will then be in its upper angular position as indicated in Figure 1.

Any suction induced in the pipe 25 at this time by the injector I will tend to create a vacuum in the opening or chamber 264 of the valve 24. This condition will be communicated through the passageway 265269, the hollow stem 26! of the strainer plug 260, and the passageway 262 to the chamber 263 in which the brine pilot valve disc-296 is positioned. It is to be understood that when the arm 32l is in its upper angular position, the passageway 326 in the pilot valve 296 is in registration with the passageway 29l in the valve section 251. Hence, the pressure condition in the chamber 263 will be communicated 

